UK Visa Absence Rules Summary
Absence Rules by Visa Type
Understanding the absence rules for your visa type is essential for maintaining eligibility for Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR) and British citizenship. Below is a summary of the key rules across all supported visa routes.
Qualifying Period
All visa routes currently supported by ILR Calculator require a 5-year continuous residence period before you can apply for ILR (settlement). The qualifying period starts from the date your visa begins.
ILR Absence Limits
During the qualifying period, you must not exceed the following absence limits:
| Rule | Limit |
|---|---|
| Rolling 12-month absence | 180 days maximum |
| Single absence | No single trip should exceed 180 days |
These limits apply to all visa types: BNO (30-month and 5-year), Skilled Worker, and Family route.
Important: The 180-day rolling limit is assessed over any 12-month period, not per calendar year. The Home Office can check any rolling window.
British Citizenship Limits
After obtaining ILR, if you wish to apply for British citizenship (naturalisation), additional absence rules apply:
| Rule | Limit |
|---|---|
| Total absences in the 5 years before application | 450 days maximum |
| Absences in the final 12 months before application | 90 days maximum |
| Waiting period after ILR | 12 months minimum |
Early Application Window
You may submit your ILR application up to 28 days before your qualifying period ends. This applies to all visa types.
Visa-Specific Notes
BNO Route
- 30-month visa holders must renew their visa once during the 5-year qualifying period.
- 5-year visa holders do not need to renew before applying for ILR.
- Rules effective since 31 January 2021.
Skilled Worker
- Visa is typically granted for up to 5 years and may require renewal depending on the certificate of sponsorship duration.
- Rules effective since 1 December 2020.
Family Route
- Initial visa is granted for 33 months (2 years 9 months), requiring one renewal before the 5-year qualifying period is complete.
- Rules effective since 9 July 2012.
Official Sources
Disclaimer
This summary is for personal reference only. Immigration rules can change — always verify the latest requirements on GOV.UK and seek professional legal advice for your specific situation.